Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as "pink eye," refers to the inflammation of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) that covers the white part of the eye (sclera) and the inner surface of the eyelids. The conjunctiva is a thin layer containing blood vessels, and when it becomes irritated or infected, these vessels dilate and become engorged with blood, causing the eye to appear red or pink. This is why conjunctivitis is often called pink eye.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

The symptoms of conjunctivitis (pink eye) may vary depending on the cause (such as bacteria, viruses, allergies, or irritants), but the following are common symptoms:

Red and swollen eyes

Itchy eyes

Excessive eye discharge

Foreign body sensation

Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

Eye pain

High-Risk Factors for Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Anyone can develop conjunctivitis (pink eye), but the following individuals are at higher risk:

Improper use of contact lenses

Poor hygiene habits, such as frequently rubbing the eyes

Lower immunity

History of allergies

Children and infants aged 5 or younger

Types of Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Conjunctivitis (pink eye) can generally be divided into three main categories: infectious, allergic, and irritant.

Infectious Conjunctivitis

Caused by bacterial or viral infections, common symptoms include red eyes, increased discharge (especially yellow or green pus-like discharge), and may be accompanied by symptoms of a cold or upper respiratory infection. This type of conjunctivitis is highly contagious.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Caused by allergens (such as pollen, dust, pet dander, etc.), common symptoms include red eyes, itching, tearing, and may be accompanied by allergic symptoms such as sneezing or nasal congestion. Allergic conjunctivitis is typically not contagious.

Irritant Conjunctivitis

Caused by chemical substances (such as smoke, chlorine, cosmetics, etc.) or physical irritation (such as foreign objects entering the eye), symptoms include red eyes, a burning sensation, tearing, and more.

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Treatment for Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

1. Artificial tears

Artificial tears mimic natural tears, providing a lubricating effect, protecting oils, and producing mucus to relieve eye dryness, foreign body sensation, and discomfort. For allergic or irritant conjunctivitis, artificial tears can also help flush out allergens or irritants.

2. Medication treatment

Antibiotic eye drops or ointment: If bacterial conjunctivitis is suspected, the doctor may prescribe antibiotic medication.

Antiviral medication: For severe viral conjunctivitis (such as that caused by the herpes virus), antiviral drugs may be necessary.

Antiallergic medication: Such as antihistamine eye drops or oral medication, used for allergic conjunctivitis.

Steroid eye drops: For reducing severe inflammatory reactions but should be used under doctor’s supervision with caution to avoid potential side effects.

3. Other methods to relieve conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Gently clean the eyes with clean warm water or saline solution to remove discharge and foreign particles.

Cold compress: Suitable for allergic or irritant conjunctivitis, helps reduce swelling and itching. Apply a clean cold towel or ice pack to closed eyelids for 10–15 minutes at a time.

Warm compression: Helps make discharge less sticky and improves blood circulation especially in bacterial or viral conjunctivitis. Apply a warm towel around the eyelids several times a day.

Maintain a healthy diet, ensuring sufficient intake of vitamins A, C, and E.

Exercise regularly and get enough sleep to boost immune system.

Avoid known allergens (if known) to prevent allergic conjunctivitis.

Avoid prolonged use of digital devices or reading to allow the eyes to rest.

Avoid long-term contact lens wear.

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Common Transmission Routes of Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Close contact with infected individuals

Direct contact with eye or upper respiratory secretions

Contact with contaminated personal items (towels, clothing, eye makeup, or eye drops)

Swimming in contaminated water sources

Preventing Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Avoid sharing personal items, such as towels, pillows, eye drops, eye makeup, and contact lenses.

Minimize touching your eyes. If necessary, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before contact, and maintain good hand hygiene.

During conjunctivitis outbreaks, avoid high-risk public places like swimming pools, public baths, saunas, and playgrounds.

Clean contact lenses properly and follow recommended disinfection procedures.

Avoid known allergens (if applicable) to prevent allergic conjunctivitis.

Infected individuals should refrain from work, school, or swimming until fully recovered to prevent spreading the infection.

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FAQ

Is conjunctivitis (pink eye) contagious?

Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are contagious and can spread through contact with infected secretions or contaminated objects. Allergic and irritant conjunctivitis, however, are not contagious.
How long does it take for conjunctivitis (pink eye) to heal?

Bacterial conjunctivitis usually improves within days of antibiotic treatment; viral conjunctivitis may take 1-2 weeks to resolve on its own; allergic conjunctivitis typically subsides quickly after allergen avoidance and medication use.
Can conjunctivitis (pink eye) affect vision?

Most types of conjunctivitis do not affect vision, but if the inflammation spreads to the cornea or is improperly treated, it may cause temporary or permanent vision impairment.
Can conjunctivitis (pink eye) be self-medicated?

Mild conjunctivitis can be relieved with artificial tears, but bacterial or allergic conjunctivitis should be treated promptly by doctors to avoid delaying proper treatment.