Corneal Diseases
The cornea is the transparent tissue at the front of the eye responsible for focusing light, crucial for clear vision. Common corneal diseases include keratoconus, keratitis, and corneal ulcers, among others, which can lead to symptoms like blurry vision, pain, and light sensitivity, potentially causing vision impairment. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Specialized eye examinations such as slit-lamp examination, corneal topography, etc., aid in assessing corneal health. Treatment plans vary based on the cause and severity, involving medication, surgical interventions, etc.
Keratoconus
Keratoconus is a progressive thinning and protrusion of the cornea, forming a cone shape, leading to blurry vision and astigmatism. The cause is unknown but may be related to genetics, allergies, and eye rubbing. Early symptoms include blurry vision, glare, and light sensitivity. As the condition progresses, rigid gas-permeable contact lenses or corneal cross-linking may be needed to stabilize the corneal shape. Severe cases may require corneal transplantation.
Pterygium
Pterygium is a growth of conjunctival tissue that extends from the white of the eye onto the cornea in a triangular shape, potentially causing blurry vision and astigmatism. The cause is linked to UV exposure and chronic eye irritation. Early-stage pterygium can be managed with artificial tears and anti-inflammatory medications. If the pterygium grows to affect vision, surgical removal may be necessary.
Corneal Ulcer
A corneal ulcer is an open wound on the corneal surface typically caused by infection (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites) or trauma. Symptoms include eye redness, swelling, pain, tearing, light sensitivity, and blurry vision. Untreated ulcers can lead to corneal perforation and even blindness. Treatment methods include antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antifungal medications, and surgical interventions.
Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (shingles) is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus affecting the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, leading to painful skin rashes around the eye and surrounding skin. Symptoms include eye redness, pain, blisters, blurry vision, and headaches. Timely antiviral medication can shorten the duration of the illness and reduce the risk of complications like keratitis, uveitis, and optic neuritis.
Iritis
Iritis, inflammation of the iris, is usually caused by autoimmune diseases, infections, or trauma. Symptoms include eye redness, pain, light sensitivity, and blurry vision. Treatment methods involve steroid eye drops and dilating agents to reduce inflammation and prevent complications.
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